In the complex systems of electric vehicles (EVs), the motor controller undoubtedly plays a crucial role. As the core component connecting the battery pack and the motor, the motor controller is not only responsible for the transfer of energy, but also plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring the safety of the vehicle and improving the driving experience. Now, GTAKE will take you through the function of the motor controller in electric vehicles, how it works and its practical application in the entire vehicle.
Function Overview of EV Motor Controller
EV motor controller, as the “brain” of electric vehicles, its main function is to convert the electric energy stored by the power battery into the electric energy required to drive the motor according to the driver’s instructions (such as gear, throttle, brake, etc.), so as to control the starting operation, advance and retreat speed, climbing strength and other driving states of the electric vehicle. At the same time, the motor controller also has multiple functions such as energy feedback, fault diagnosis and protection to ensure the safe and stable operation of electric vehicles in the complex and changeable driving environment.
- Energy conversion and transfer: The motor controller converts direct current into alternating current to provide the required electrical energy for the drive motor and achieve efficient energy transfer.
- Driving state control: According to the driver’s instructions, the motor controller precisely controls the speed, steering and torque of the motor, thereby adjusting the vehicle’s driving state.
- Energy feedback: When the vehicle is braking or going downhill, the motor controller stores part of the braking energy to the power battery through the braking feedback function, improving energy utilization and driving range.
- Fault diagnosis and protection: The motor controller has perfect fault diagnosis and protection functions, such as over-current protection, over-voltage protection, over-temperature protection, etc., to ensure that the electric vehicle can stop safely under abnormal conditions to avoid damage to the motor and controller.
Working Principle
The working principle of EV motor controller mainly involves power electronics technology and motor control theory. The motor controller realizes the precise control of the motor by means of high speed arithmetic and advanced control algorithm. Specifically, the working process of the motor controller includes the following steps.
- Signal acquisition and processing: The motor controller collects the current, voltage, speed and other signals of the motor through the sensor, and obtains the actual operating status of the motor after processing.
- Control algorithm calculation: According to the driver’s instructions and the actual operating state of the motor, the motor controller uses advanced control algorithms to calculate the target control parameters of the motor (such as target speed, target torque, etc.).
- PWM signal generation: The motor controller generates PWM (pulse width modulation) signals according to the target control parameters, and controls the current size of the motor by changing the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so as to achieve accurate control of the motor torque.
- Drive circuit output: The motor controller transmits the PWM signal to the drive circuit, which controls the operation of the motor according to the PWM signal. At the same time, the motor controller also communicates with the vehicle controller through the CAN bus to realize information sharing and cooperative control.
Practical Application
In electric vehicles, the motor controller, battery pack, drive motor and other core components together constitute the power system of the vehicle. In practical applications, motor controllers enhance the vehicle’s performance and driving experience in the following ways.
- Improved energy utilization: Through the energy feedback function, the motor controller stores part of the braking energy in the power battery when the vehicle is braking or going downhill, improving energy utilization and driving range.
- Optimized driving state: The motor controller precisely controls the speed, steering and torque of the motor according to the driver’s instructions and the actual operating state of the motor, so that the vehicle can start, accelerate and brake smoothly and quickly.
- Enhanced safety: The motor controller has complete fault diagnosis and protection functions, which can detect and deal with abnormal situations in a timely manner, ensuring the safe and stable operation of electric vehicles in the complex and changeable driving environment.
- Improve the driving experience: The motor controller reduces the driver’s driving burden and improves the driving comfort and convenience by realizing the functions of cruise control and idle speed.
About GTAKE
GTAKE is a leading manufacturer specializing in EV/HEV motor controllers, headquartered in China. With extensive experience and technological expertise in the field of motor controllers, we offer a range of customized solutions tailored to meet the needs of various vehicle manufacturers. GTAKE is renowned for its high efficiency, reliability, and advanced control technologies making significant contributions to the global advancement of electric transportation. If you are looking for a reliable supplier of motor controllers, GTAKE is undoubtedly a company worth considering.
